Film Crew Roles.

The Ultimate Guide (2024)


Whether it's a blockbuster hit or a small indie project, understanding the different film crew positions is essential for anyone looking to enter or advance in the industry.

As one of the UK’s leading film crew for hire agencies, we’ve created this comprehensive overview of film production roles for both novices and seasoned professionals.

Last Updated 27/06/2024
Picture of a male camera person wearing a cap on set smiling.

Contents: What’s In This Guide?

  • Picture of a film director, wearing a cap, looking at a monitor.

    Key Creative & Financial Roles

    • Director

    • Producer

    • Executive Producer

    • Principal Cast

    • Casting Director

  • Picture of an assistant director standing up listening to a radio.

    Directorial Department

    • 1st Assistant Director (AD)

    • 2nd Assistant Director (AD)

    • Set Production Assistant (PA)

  • Picture of a gaffer setting up lights with a light shining behind him

    Camera & Lighting Department

    • Director of Photography (DP)

    • Camera Operator

    • 1st Assistant Camera (AC)

    • 2nd Assistant Camera (AC)

    • Digital Imaging Technician (DIT)

    • Gaffer

    • Best Boy Electric

    • Electrician

  • A film set showing a plane with a model in the open door.

    Art Department

    • Production Designer

    • Art Director

    • Set Decorator

    • Props Master

    • Set Dresser

    • Art PA

  • Picture of a boom operator holding a boom poll and microphone out

    Sound Department

    • Production Sound Mixer

    • Boom Operator

    • Sound Assistant

  • Picture of a hair and make up artist putting finishing makeup touches on a model

    Hair & Makeup Department

    • Key Makeup Artist

    • Key Hair Stylist

    • SPFX Makeup Artist

  • A picture of 4 storm troopers from Star Wars

    Wardrobe Department

    • Costume Designer

    • Wardrobe Supervisor

    • Set Costumer

    • Tailor

    • Shopper

  • Picture of a stunt person ridding a motor cycle fast

    Stunts Department

    • Stunt Coordinator

    • Stunt Performer

    • Set Medic

  • Picture of an actor standing in front of a green screen

    VFX Department

    • VFX Supervisor

    • VFX Coordinator

  • Picture of a line producer looking at a camera monitor

    Production Department

    • Line Producer

    • Unit Production Manager (UPM)

    • Production Coordinator

    • Set Accountant

    • Office PA

  • Picture of a catering truck on a film set

    Food Department

    • Caterer

    • Craft Services

  • picture of a film clapper being held in front of a woman's face

    Conclusion

    • Wrapping Up

a male film director looking at a film monitor on set.

Section 1

Key creative & financial roles


These are the key creative and financial positions that are involved from pre-production to post-production. They include directors, producers, and principal cast.

What is a Film Director?

  • Role:

    The creative visionary behind the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    The director is responsible for overseeing the creative aspects of a film, including directing actors, selecting locations, and guiding the overall visual and narrative direction. They collaborate closely with department heads to ensure their vision is realised on screen.

  • Skills Required:

    Leadership, creativity, excellent communication, and problem-solving skills.

  • Examples:

    Steven Spielberg, known for directing blockbusters like "Jurassic Park" and "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.


    Read more here

What is a Producer?

  • Role:

    The financial and organisational backbone of the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    Producers manage the business side of production, from securing funding and hiring key crew to overseeing production logistics and ensuring the film stays on budget and schedule. They often work from the initial concept through to the final cut.

  • Skills Required:

    Strong organisational skills, financial acumen, and the ability to negotiate and manage relationships.

  • Example:

    Kathleen Kennedy, producer of the Star Wars franchise.


    Read more here

What is an Executive Producer?

  • Role:

    Often involved in financing and major creative decisions.

  • Responsibilities:

    Executive producers vary in their involvement, which can include securing funds, providing creative input, or simply lending their name for prestige. Their role can range from hands-on to more advisory.

  • Skills Required:

    Industry experience, financial resources, and influential networks.

  • Example:

    Martin Scorsese, who often serves as an executive producer on various projects.


    Read more here…

What is the Principal Cast?

  • Role:

    The main actors in the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    Principal cast members bring the script to life through their performances. They participate in rehearsals, work closely with the director, and often engage in promotional activities for the film.

  • Skills Required:

    Acting talent, the ability to take direction, and strong memorization skills.

  • Example:

    Meryl Streep, a celebrated actress known for her roles in "The Devil Wears Prada" and "Mamma Mia!"

    What is a Casting Director?

    • Role:

      Finds and hires the best actors for the film.

    • Responsibilities:

      Casting directors organize auditions, negotiate contracts, and work closely with the director to select the appropriate talent. They play a crucial role in shaping the film’s cast.

    • Skills Required:

      Keen eye for talent, organizational skills, and strong communication abilities.

    • Example:

      Sarah Finn, casting director for the Marvel Cinematic Universe.


      Read more here…

a 1st assistant director wearing an orange coat listening to a radio

Section 2

Directorial Department


The directorial department is essential for the smooth operation of a film set. It includes roles that assist the director in managing the set, coordinating between departments, and ensuring that the production stays on schedule. This department is pivotal in translating the director's vision into actionable tasks.

What is the 1st Assistant Director (AD)?

  • Role:

    Manages the set and keeps the production on schedule.

  • Responsibilities:

    The 1st AD creates the shooting schedule, coordinates between departments, and handles on-set logistics. They are crucial for maintaining order and ensuring that the production runs smoothly.

  • Skills Required:

    Strong leadership, time management, and organizational skills.

  • Example:

    Chris Newman, known for his work on "The Godfather" and "Silence of the Lambs."

What is the 2nd Assistant Director (AD)?

  • Role:

    Supports the 1st AD.

  • Responsibilities:

    The 2nd AD is responsible for preparing call sheets, managing the movement of the cast, and assisting with scheduling. They help keep the production organized and ensure that all departments are informed of the daily requirements.

  • Skills Required:

    Organizational skills, attention to detail, and excellent communication.

  • Example:

    Bruce Moriarty, 2nd AD on films like "Titanic" and "The Revenant."

What is the Set Production Assistant (PA)?

  • Role:

    Entry-level position assisting with various tasks on set.

  • Responsibilities:

    Set PAs perform a variety of tasks, including running errands, setting up scenes, and providing general support to the AD department. This role is an excellent way to gain experience and learn the ropes of film production.

  • Skills Required:

    Flexibility, willingness to learn, and a positive attitude.

  • Example:

    Many successful filmmakers, including directors like David Fincher, started their careers as PAs.

A gaffer setting up a light with a bright light shinning behind him.

Section 3

Camera & Lighting Department


The camera and lighting department is responsible for capturing the visual essence of the film. This includes selecting and operating cameras, managing lighting setups, and ensuring that each shot aligns with the director's vision. The department's work is crucial for the film's visual storytelling.

What is a Director of Photography (DoP)?

  • Role:

    Oversees the visual aspects of the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    The DP collaborates with the director to create the visual style of the film. They are responsible for selecting cameras, lenses, and lighting equipment, and for supervising the camera crew to ensure that the director’s vision is achieved.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical expertise, artistic vision, and strong leadership.

  • Example:

    Roger Deakins, known for his work on "Blade Runner 2049" and "1917."


    Read more here…

What is a Camera Operator?

  • Role:

    Operates the camera during filming.

  • Responsibilities:

    The camera operator handles the camera and works to capture the shots as directed by the DP. They are skilled in creating smooth and precise movements, whether using tripods, dollies, or handheld setups.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical proficiency, a steady hand, and the ability to follow directions closely.

  • Example:

    Geoffrey Unsworth, camera operator and DP for films like "2001: A Space Odyssey."


    Read more here…

What is the 1st Assistant Camera (AC)?

  • Role:

    Maintains the camera and ensures focus.

  • Responsibilities:

    The 1st AC, also known as the focus puller, is responsible for keeping the shot in focus, setting up camera equipment, and maintaining the camera during shoots. They play a critical role in ensuring that each shot is sharp and clear.

  • Skills Required:

    Attention to detail, technical knowledge, and precision.

  • Example:

    Andrew Lesnie, known for his work on "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy.

What is the 2nd Assistant Camera (AC)?

  • Role:

    Supports the 1st AC.

  • Responsibilities:

    The 2nd AC operates the clapboard (slate), organizes camera equipment, and maintains detailed logs of the shots taken. They ensure that the camera team has everything they need for a successful shoot.

  • Skills Required:

    Organizational skills, attention to detail, and teamwork.

  • Example:

    Kim Marks, who has worked on films like "Inception" and "The Dark Knight."

What is the Digital Imaging Technician (DIT)?

  • Role:

    Manages digital footage on set.

  • Responsibilities:

    The DIT ensures that digital footage is correctly captured and stored. They adjust settings to achieve the desired look and manage the transfer and backup of footage, ensuring its integrity from capture to post-production.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical expertise, problem-solving, and a strong understanding of digital workflows.


    Read more here…

What is a Gaffer?

  • Role:

    Chief lighting technician.

  • Responsibilities:

    The gaffer works with the DP to design and execute the lighting plan. They manage the lighting crew and ensure that all lighting equipment is correctly positioned and functioning.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical knowledge, creativity, and leadership.

  • Example:

    John Higgins, known for his work on "Dunkirk" and "Skyfall."

    Read more here…

What is the
Best Boy Electric?

  • Role:

    Assistant to the gaffer.

  • Responsibilities:

    The best boy electric manages the lighting crew, handles lighting logistics, and maintains equipment. They ensure that all electrical setups meet safety standards and function correctly.

  • Skills Required:

    Organizational skills, technical proficiency, and teamwork.

What is a
Film Set Electrician?

  • Role:

    Installs and operates lighting equipment.

  • Responsibilities:

    Electricians rig lights, run cables, and ensure a steady power supply to all on-set equipment. They play a vital role in creating the desired lighting effects.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical skills, safety awareness, and reliability.

an art director overlooking a film set where a singer is singing from a plane.

Section 4

Art Department


The art department is tasked with creating the visual world of the film. This involves designing sets, decorating locations, and sourcing props. The team works closely with the director and production designer to ensure that the visual elements enhance the narrative.

What is a Production Designer?

  • Role:

    Creates the visual concept of the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    The production designer is responsible for the overall look of the film, including sets, locations, and visual themes. They work closely with the director and DP to bring the script to life visually.

  • Skills Required:

    Creativity, communication, and strong visual skills.

  • Example:

    Rick Carter, known for his work on "Jurassic Park" and "Avatar."

What is an Art Director?

  • Role:

    Implements the production designer’s vision.

  • Responsibilities:

    The art director supervises the construction and decoration of sets. They coordinate with the production designer to ensure that the visual elements align with the film's vision.

  • Skills Required:

    Leadership, attention to detail, and creative problem-solving.

  • Example:

    Adam Stockhausen, known for his work on "The Grand Budapest Hotel" and "12 Years a Slave."


    Read more here…

What is a Set Decorator?

  • Role:

    Furnishes and decorates sets.

  • Responsibilities:

    The set decorator selects and places furniture, decorations, and props to create the film’s environment. They ensure that all set elements contribute to the story and visual style.

  • Skills Required:

    Artistic eye, creativity, and attention to detail.

  • Example:

    Nancy Haigh, known for her work on "No Country for Old Men" and "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood."

What is a Props Master?

  • Role:

    Manages all props used in the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    The props master sources, organizes, and maintains all props. They ensure that props are ready for use and match the continuity of the film.

  • Skills Required:

    Organization, creativity, and attention to detail.

  • Example:

    David Balfour, props master for films like "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" and "Gladiator."

    What is a Set Dresser?

  • Role:

    Arranges set decorations.

  • Responsibilities:

    The set dresser places furniture and decorations on set, ensuring they fit the scene and maintain continuity. They work closely with the set decorator to create a realistic and engaging environment.

  • Skills Required:

    Attention to detail, creativity, and teamwork.

What is an Art PA?

  • Role:

    Assists the art department.

  • Responsibilities:

    The art PA runs errands, helps with set decoration, and supports the art team in various tasks. This role is a great entry point for those looking to break into the art department.

  • Skills Required:

    Flexibility, willingness to learn, and strong work ethic.

a boom operator holding out a boom and microphone in front of a blue sky

Section 5

Sound Department


The sound department ensures that all audio aspects of the film are captured and refined. This includes recording dialogue, sound effects, and ambient sounds. The team plays a critical role in enhancing the film's auditory experience, contributing to its overall impact.

What is a Production Sound Mixer / Sound Recordist?

  • Role:

    Records on-set audio.

  • Responsibilities:

    The production sound mixer sets up microphones, monitors sound levels, and ensures high-quality audio capture. They work closely with the director and DP to capture the best possible sound.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical expertise, attention to detail, and excellent hearing.

  • Example:

    Mark Ulano, known for his work on "Inglourious Bastards" and "Titanic."


    Read more here…

What is a Boom Operator?

  • Role:

    Operates the boom microphone.

  • Responsibilities:

    The boom operator positions the microphone to capture dialogue while avoiding shadows and extraneous noise. They work closely with the sound mixer to ensure audio quality.

  • Skills Required:

    Physical stamina, precision, and attention to detail.

What is a Sound Assistant?

  • Role:

    Supports the sound department.

  • Responsibilities:

    The sound assistant places microphones, handles cables, and assists with sound equipment. They support the sound team in ensuring clear and consistent audio capture.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical skills, teamwork, and reliability.

a make up artist putting the final make up touches on a model

Section 6

Hair & Makeup Department


The hair and makeup department is responsible for the appearance of the actors. This includes creating character-specific looks, maintaining continuity, and applying special effects makeup. Their work helps bring characters to life and supports the visual consistency of the film.

What is a Key Makeup Artist?

  • Role:

    Designs and applies makeup for talent.

  • Responsibilities:

    The key makeup artist creates makeup looks that match the character and scene. They apply makeup, ensure continuity, and work closely with the director and production designer.

  • Skills Required:

    Artistic ability, creativity, and attention to detail.

  • Example:

    Ve Neill, known for her work on "Beetlejuice" and "The Hunger Games" series.

What is a Key Hair Stylist?

  • Role:

    Designs and styles hair for talent.

  • Responsibilities:

    The key hair stylist creates hairstyles that fit the character and scene. They apply wigs and extensions, maintain hair continuity, and work closely with the makeup and wardrobe departments.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical hair styling skills, creativity, and attention to detail.

  • Example:

    Camille Friend, known for her work on "Black Panther" and "Guardians of the Galaxy."

What is a SPFX Makeup Artist?

  • Role:

    Applies special effects makeup.

  • Responsibilities:

    The SPFX makeup artist creates prosthetics, special effects, and transformative makeup looks. They work with materials like latex and silicone to achieve realistic effects.

  • Skills Required:

    Special effects makeup techniques, creativity, and precision.

  • Example:

    Greg Nicotero, known for his work on "The Walking Dead" and "The Green Mile."

four storm troopers from star wars standing in front of a deep blue sky

Section 7

Wardrobe Department


The wardrobe department designs and manages all costumes used in the film. This includes creating costume concepts, sourcing materials, and ensuring that garments fit the actors correctly. The team works to enhance the characters' visual storytelling through their attire.

What is a Costume Designer?

  • Role:

    Designs costumes for the film.

  • Responsibilities:

    The costume designer creates costume concepts, sources materials, and oversees the wardrobe department. They work closely with the director and production designer to ensure costumes enhance the film’s visual storytelling.

  • Skills Required:

    Creativity, design skills, and knowledge of textiles.

  • Example: Colleen Atwood, known for her work on "Alice in Wonderland" and "Fantastic Beasts" series.

What is a Wardrobe Supervisor?

  • Role: Manages the wardrobe department.

  • Responsibilities: The wardrobe supervisor organizes costumes, ensures continuity, and oversees fittings. They manage the day-to-day operations of the wardrobe team.

  • Skills Required: Organizational skills, attention to detail, and leadership.

What is a Set Costumer?

  • Role: Maintains costumes on set.

  • Responsibilities: The set costumer dresses actors, repairs costumes, and ensures costume continuity. They are on set to make quick adjustments and solve any wardrobe issues.

  • Skills Required: Sewing skills, attention to detail, and problem-solving.

What is a Tailor?

  • Role: Alters and repairs costumes.

  • Responsibilities: The tailor makes alterations, fits costumes, and ensures garments fit properly. They work closely with the costume designer to achieve the perfect look.

  • Skills Required: Tailoring skills, attention to detail, and precision.

What is a Shopper?

  • Role: Purchases costumes and materials.

  • Responsibilities: The shopper sources costumes, manages the budget, and collaborates with the costume designer. They find specific items required for the production.

  • Skills Required: Shopping skills, creativity, and budgeting.

a side on shot of a stunt person driving fast on a motorbike

Section 8

Stunts Department


The stunts department coordinates and performs all physical stunts in the film. This includes designing stunts, training performers, and ensuring safety on set. The department's work adds excitement and realism to action scenes.

What is a Stunt Coordinator?

  • Role:

    Plans and oversees stunts.

  • Responsibilities:

    The stunt coordinator designs stunts, trains performers, and ensures safety. They work closely with the director to create thrilling and safe action sequences.

  • Skills Required:

    Physical fitness, creativity, and safety awareness.

What is a Stunt Performer?

  • Role:

    Executes stunts on screen.

  • Responsibilities:

    Stunt performers carry out stunts, ensuring safety and realism. They are trained professionals skilled in various physical feats.

  • Skills Required:

    Physical fitness, courage, and precision.

What is a Set Medic?

  • Role:

    Provides medical assistance on set.

  • Responsibilities:

    The set medic treats injuries, ensures safety, and is prepared for emergencies. They are essential on sets with physical stunts and demanding conditions.

  • Skills Required:

    Medical training, quick thinking, and preparedness.

a vfx coordinator standing in front of a green screen in a studio

Section 9

VFX Department


The VFX department creates and manages visual effects. This involves planning VFX shots, coordinating with post-production, and ensuring that the effects integrate seamlessly with live-action footage. The team enhances the visual spectacle of the film.

What is a VFX Supervisor?

  • Role:

    Oversees visual effects.

  • Responsibilities:

    The VFX supervisor plans VFX shots, coordinates with post-production, and ensures visual quality. They work closely with the director to achieve the desired effects.

  • Skills Required:

    Technical knowledge, creativity, and leadership.

What is a VFX Coordinator?

  • Role:

    Manages VFX workflow.

  • Responsibilities:

    The VFX coordinator schedules VFX work, coordinates with the VFX team, and ensures deadlines are met. They keep the VFX process on track.

  • Skills Required:

    Organizational skills, technical knowledge, and communication.

A line producer looking over the shoulder of the film crew

Section 10

Production Department.


The production department oversees the logistical and financial aspects of the film. This includes managing budgets, schedules, and contracts. The department ensures that the production runs smoothly and stays within budget.

What is a Line Producer?

  • Role:

    Manages the production budget.

  • Responsibilities:

    The line producer creates the budget, hires crew, and oversees production logistics. They ensure the production runs smoothly and stays within budget.

  • Skills Required:

    Financial acumen, organizational skills, and leadership.

What is a Unit Production Manager (UPM)?

  • Role:

    Administers production operations.

  • Responsibilities:

    The UPM manages schedules, handles contracts, and oversees daily operations. They ensure the production adheres to the planned schedule and budget.

  • Skills Required:

    Management skills, attention to detail, and problem-solving.

What is a Production Coordinator?

  • Role:

    Coordinates production activities.

  • Responsibilities:

    The production coordinator communicates between departments, manages paperwork, and ensures smooth operations. They keep the production organized and on track.

  • Skills Required:

    Organizational skills, communication, and multitasking.

What is a Set Accountant?

  • Role:

    Manages production finances.

  • Responsibilities:

    The set accountant tracks expenses, issues payments, and ensures budget adherence. They work closely with the line producer and UPM.

  • Skills Required:

    Accounting skills, attention to detail, and financial management.

What is a Office PA?

  • Role:

    Assists in the production office.

  • Responsibilities:

    The office PA handles administrative tasks, supports the production team, and manages office logistics. They are crucial for the smooth running of the production office.

  • Skills Required:

    Flexibility, organizational skills, and a positive attitude.

A white production catering van with a sign outside.

Section 11

Food Department


The food department provides nourishment for the cast and crew. This includes preparing meals and snacks, accommodating dietary restrictions, and ensuring food safety. Their role is vital for maintaining the energy and well-being of the team.

What is a Caterer?

  • Role:

    Provides meals for the cast and crew.

  • Responsibilities:

    The caterer prepares and serves meals, accommodates dietary restrictions, and manages food safety. They keep the cast and crew nourished and happy.

  • Skills Required:

    Culinary skills, organizational skills, and food safety knowledge.

What is a Crafty or Craft Service?

  • Role:

    Provides snacks and drinks throughout the day.

  • Responsibilities:

    Craft services set up craft tables, restock supplies, and ensure food availability. They provide continuous refreshment for the crew.

  • Skills Required:

    Organizational skills, attention to detail, and culinary knowledge.

A woman holding a film clapper board in front of her face.

Section 12

Conclusion


Understanding the multitude of roles involved in film production is crucial for anyone looking to work in the industry. Each position, whether above or below the line, plays a vital part in the creation of a film. By familiarizing yourself with these roles, you can better appreciate the collaborative effort required to bring a film from concept to screen.